Osteochondrosis is a condition in which there are a number of disorders in the joint cartilage of a dystrophic nature. Osteochondrosis can occur in different joints, but most commonly osteochondrosis affects the intervertebral discs. If we consider the location of the disease, then osteochondrosis is common to divide into the chest, neck of the uterus, lumbar. Osteochondrosis is a disease that causes back pain in about 80% of cases. In the case of the complication of osteochondrosis, the hernia of the intervertebral discs sometimes occur in the head, limbs and other organs. The most common is lumbar osteochondrosis that provokes foot pain. Many people complain of manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis, in which they hurt their hands and head. In the form of the chest of the disease, the pain appears in the internal organs.
Causes of osteochondrosis
The initial cause of osteochondrosis of the spine is the ease of a person. There are many different theories about the causes of osteochondrosis. Such, for example, are a predisposition of a hereditary nature, damage and violations of metabolic processes in the body. The determination of the causes of this disease is complicated by the fact that the disease manifests itself in people of different ages, different physical and physical level of development.
There is also a theory that the cause of osteochondrosis is the deposition of salts in the back. However, experts argue that there is to some extent a trick. And it is the accurate analysis of the causes of the disease that is the main effective treatment of the disease.
With osteochondrosis, the nature of the disease is non-inflammatory, degenerative-distrophical. In the process of developing the disease, the nutrition of the clothes is disturbed, its structure is reborn. People who constantly have active physical activity have more stable and elastic bone tissue. This is due to the fact that the spine discs in a person's adult do not have their dishes, and therefore, oxygen and nutrients on the discs come from the tissues nearby. A similar process can only be complete in the case of active blood circulation, which is only possible in the process of continuous functioning of the intense muscle.
The intervertebral disk disk is two parts. At the center of the disk is a gelatinous core, which makes the disk elastic and surrounds its durable fibrous ring. If the food of the intervertebral discs becomes worse, then the structure of bio -polimer compounds can be destroyed. Due to a decrease in dys moisture, it becomes fragile. And if the spine is overloaded, the jacket is divided into fragments. As a result, its elasticity decreases significantly. Fibrous rings also lose strength. Such phenomena become an initial point for the manifestation of osteochondrosis in humans. The manifestation of degenerative-district changes in the spine is calcified by damaged discs, ligaments, capsules. A similar phenomenon is the last stage of the development of the disease.
Unfortunately, the opposite process after such changes in the back is almost impossible. Therefore, the main task of treating osteochondrosis is to maintain the current attitude.
In essence, the manifestations of osteochondrosis become more pronounced in humans after reaching the age of thirty -five. Moreover, the older a person becomes, the more manifestations of the disease are observed. However, lately, with complaints of back pain, more and more young people are turning to doctors.
The causes of such an early appearance of osteochondrosis are mostly very poor physical activity, behavioral problems, as well as a distorted spine, flat foot and overweight. So far, the main causes of osteochondrosis are considered to be below: the following:
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
In people who are ill with osteochondrosis, tangible back pain appears first of all. Sometimes such pain is associated with numbness as well as sensations of limb pain. If osteochondrosis therapy does not start in time, then the person quickly loses weight, he has limb atrophy. With physical exercise and load, as well as in the process of erection of very severe objects, in the process of sneezing and coughing, the pain can become more intense. In the patient, osteochondrosis reduces the volume of movements, manifests muscle cramps.
Cervical osteochondrosis manifests itself due to the features of the cervical spine structure. The vertebrae of the cervical region have significantly smaller sizes than the spinal vertebrae. Therefore, cervical osteochondrosis is manifested due to the constant load on the neck. Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis are expressed as follows: the pain manifested in the hands, neck, shoulders, headaches can occur. This type of disease is characterized by vertebral artery syndrome. With the appearance of this syndrome, a person feels the presence of noise in his head, "flies" stares in front of his eyes and a head is rotating. Multi -colored points can occur in front of your eyes, in parallel a person feels severe pain in a pulsating character. Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis sometimes resemble signs of angina pectoris, but the patient does not have a heart change in the study.
In patients with osteochondrosis of the spinal cord of the chest, the patient feels pain in the chest. Pain can be given to the heart region as well as other internal organs. The pains of lumbosacral spinal osteochondrosis feel back pain, which can give the feet, sacrum, pelvic organs. Their nerve roots are affected, sensitivity is disturbed, reflexes can decrease and hypotension may occur.
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
The specialist creates a preliminary diagnosis of osteochondrosis already during the patient's initial examination. As a rule, an inspection is performed by a neuropathologist. Typically, the patient is waiting with pain complaints as well as deformity or restriction of mobility. The patient's back is performed in the standing position, lying down and sitting, the doctor examines it both in motion and at rest. During the examination, the doctor necessarily pays attention to the behavior of a person, the features of his physics, the features of the spine, the relief of the muscles near the spine. You can complete the patient inspection results with information if spinal deformity, where the pain is, and determine the degree of its intensity. In the process of feeling, it is also determined how tense the muscles near the spine are because the muscle tone accompanies most diseases and damage. To determine the amplitude of the movements of different parts of the spine, bending options are studied. After the diagnosis of osteochondrosis, calculated tomography, X radiation, magnetic resonance. These methods allow you to find out what is the level of spinal cord damage, to determine if there are hidden pathologies and specify the diagnosis. The doctor can determine which therapy tactics to choose to be the most effective tactics to be the most effective.
The treatment of osteochondrosis
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis, as well as other forms of the disease and their complications, is performed using conservative methods, the purpose of which is to eliminate pain, restore the functions of cerebrospinal roots, and prevent dystrophic phenomena in the spinal structures.
If all methods of conservative treatment do not have the right effect, and there are specific indications for this, then the surgical methods of osteochondrosis treatment are sometimes prescribed to patients. The volume of surgical intervention depends directly on what is affected by the spine and the intense symptoms of the disease are intense. The severity of the disease also depends on the duration of therapy. As a rule, the active phase of treatment using conservative methods occupy mainly about 1-3 months. After surgery, the patient is restored about one year. After the onset of conservative treatment, many patients with osteochondrosis have an increase in pain. This is a reaction of muscles and other formations to treatment.
If the pain syndrome is too severe, it can stop relatively quickly using physiotherapeutic methods, medication and the use of a complex of exercises specially designed for patients with osteochondrosis. It is important to consider that an important factor that affects the effectiveness of treatment is the correct behavior of the patient, his adequate attitude towards the need to adhere to the developed method of treatment. For this, perseverance, patience and desire to overcome the disease are important. It is proven that the most effective is the performance of conservative treatment and after surgery in sanatoriums, as well as in medical centers that specialize in the treatment of this disease. In the presence of the necessary equipment as well as qualified doctors, complex treatment will be the most effective and effective.
Complex therapy in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis necessarily includes physiotherapy exercises, massage, physiotherapy, manual therapy, reflexology and medication use.
One of the most important methods of impact on the state of the human skeletal muscle system is physiotherapy exercises. The patient regularly performs a certain amount of exercises, during which the decompression of the nerve roots occurs, the correction of the muscle corsets increases, the flexibility of the ligaments and muscles increases. Special exercises for cervical osteochondrosis also allow us to ensure effective prevention of further development of the disease. The main condition is the regularity of all exercises.
When using physiotherapy, osteochondrosis is treated with the help of physical factors - magnetic fields, low frequency, ultrasound, etc. This technique allows you to reduce the post -operative rehabilitation period as well as strengthen the effects of various medicines. With the help of massage, you can relieve muscle tension, improve blood flow and strengthening effect in general.
Manual therapy is used to remove sharp pain. This technique also allows you to adjust the behavior. The pain is also relieved using the spinal elimination - the procedure performed on special equipment. With reflexology, reflexogenic areas of the human body are exposed and can significantly improve the effects of other methods.
During irritation of the disease, treatment is used with the help of medicines that remove inflammation, pain stops, metabolic processes are activated. The medicines are administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
The most vulnerable treatment results are observed when using some methods in the complex. However, in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis and other forms of the disease, only the attending doctor should prescribe them.